Dark Matter :: physics science space

Dark Matter For centuries, physicists and philosophers alike have wondered what makes up our universe. Aristotle thought that all matter came in one of four forms: Earth, Air, Fire, and Water. Since then we have come a long way, with the discovery of the atoms and the subatomic particles they are made of. We can even guess at what makes up protons and neutrons. We have since then discovered and predicted the existence of particles other than the atom, such as the photon, neutrino, axion, and many others. Despite all our advances in particle physics and astrophysics, we still don't know what form of matter makes up 95% of the universe. Physicists have named this mysterious substance dark matter, for it can not be detected by observation (it does not emit visible or other frequency light waves). However, we know that dark matter must exist, following Newton's universal law of gravity. There are two ways to prove the existence of dark matter. We know that the universe must have a certain mass in order for its attractive gravitational forces to slow the expansion of the universe which started at the big bang. We can precisely calculate the rate at which the universe is expanding currently, and how fast it has expanded in the past. From this we get the theoretical mass of the universe. This figure falls far short of the visible mass of the universe, which consists of stars, planets, and hot gas. This is how scientists are able to prove that we can only see about 5% of our universe. We can also prove that dark matter exists in galaxies by examining how they spin. When an object rotates in a circular orbit, the object has a tendency to fly off in a path tangent to the orbit. If the stays within the orbit, it has a radial acceleration which is equal to its velocity squared over the radius of the orbit. The only force which is keeping the body in the orbit is the force of gravity, which is dependent on the mass of the system. Knowing this, physicists can calculate the mass of a galaxy by looking at how fast stars orbiting its center are moving. Physicists can also calculate where the highest percentage of dark matter should be in the galaxy. In most cases, it is located in a ring just outside the galaxy. In the case of the galaxy shown in the photo, dark matter must be present in the dark space between the nucleus of older yellow stars and the outer ring of young, blue stars.

Public Policing vs Private Security Comparison

What are differences and similarities between the two roles? In the field of policing there are a couple different paths for an individual to choose from and they include private security and public policing. State government, city government, and towns normally provide the community with a public police force to enforce the laws and protect the citizens. Police officers are very important within a community but sometimes a private security can come in and help out and this frees up time for the public policing. Private security personnel generally work for a private company that handles their own dispatching, training and recruiting. Private security functions include loss-prevention duties or protective services that would not be handled by public policing. Private security also specializes in closed circuit monitoring services, secret level clearance, drive by patrol. Private security does not have the authority to arrest anyone either; however they can detain until law enforcement get there. Public policing officers are a function of the executive branch of government. Public officers are paid entirely from public funds that generate from grants, public sources, and revenues from taxes. Most private security organizations are paid from collecting a fee from their client. It is not uncommon for private security to go undercover like public police also, so that they can blend in the environment and be used as asset protection. The goals and training of private security and public policing are similar to each other. Private security and public policing are unique and successful in their own ways. The way that the private security and public policing organizations function and interact within each other is different; however they both function with leadership. The differences in public policing and private security would include the duties of the job. Police officers duties include responding to emergency calls, patrol public streets and monitor the traffic; private security may have the duty to be on duty at a supermarket or retail store, a bank or even drive an armored car. Some of the similarities of private security and public policing would be that they both hire men and women and both organizations are required to wear uniforms. The use of uniforms lets citizens know who security is and who the officers are. Both organizations offer in-house training. Some private security officers are permitted to carry guns just like public policing. How does leadership differ between the two roles? Public policing and private security both have a positive relationship with the criminal justice system but they are held to different standards. They use their resources to help work together when needed by sharing information, joint operations, networking, training and the development and promotion of state and federal legislation of mutual interest (Ortmeier, 2009). What is the relationship of each role with the criminal justice system? The relationship of each public policing and private security is that they both have the goal to deter crime. The public policing works to keep and prevent crime, maintains order, and responds to dispatched calls and reported crimes on public and private property. The relationship for private security is they can help out with terrorist threats, and other crimes that may affect the world, and in return that helps out the public policing in the fact that if they work together they can defend our homeland. What are the essential policies for each role? For private security the essential policies that would be needed would include to have a qualified staff, insurance, and have a license with that state, most are given after a background is checked at both federal and state levels. Some of the other policies that private security organizations should have would be the following : Acceptable Use Policy that defines what employees are allowed to do on company property, while using company resources and equipment, this should be made know to all staff so that there are no excuses or exceptions. There should be a privacy policy in effect; this is important because there are many laws and regulations that address privacy. Included in the privacy policy notification should be made that about the logging user activity, monitoring internet usage; including recording keystrokes. Password policy is another good policy to have in effect so that certain protocol is used when creating and issuing password within the company and included could be the account lockout protocol that will be used within the company. Destruction and Disposal policy which will define how and when to get rid of stuff. Storage and Retention policy will explain what items need to be kept for a number of years, things such as auditing date, financial history and customer information. The next policy would be an incident response policy and this policy would be to handle security breaches. Classification policy that way workers understand to use the information properly rather it is private or sensitive. Human resource policy and this should be covered in the way that employees are supervised, code of ethics, sort of like a company handbook one that will explain repercussions for certain behaviors and tardiness. Change management policy since one of the biggest threats to security is when things are unmanaged and unknown or even changed. The last policy for private security would be firewall policy and this would cover the essential components of the entire security structure, these are important to protect against cybercrimes. Public policing essential policies would include: use of force policy that explains how to not abuse the power of their authority, another police policy to have would be a policy on the code of ethics and this would define what ethical and non-ethical behavior is and what is expected of them as an officer of the law. Describe and discuss the importance of a comprehensive security plan, and its key components. The importance of a comprehensive security plan is in case something happens to the organization, it can somewhat be repairable to getting back on track. If an organization is aware of what the threats may be then they would know what they need to do to avoid these and prevent incidents from happening, instead of waiting for an incident to happen first. Developing a comprehensive security plan requires deliberate and methodical analysis. The purpose of the security analysis is to expose any security breaches so they can be addressed in a controlled manner and the comprehensive security plan can be created from a broad analysis. The analysis will keep resources in mind and will be directed based on the individual needs of the client and while protecting the assets of the company. The components of the comprehensive security plan include asset definition, vulnerability analysis, and threat assessment, selection of countermeasures and implementation of the plan. It is important to make policies for the client to follow along with their workers and these policies must be made know if they are expected to be followed. Incompetence and carelessness equals ncreased legal liability and financial loss. The key components consist of overlapping the features that provide mutual support and direction of the program: personnel, devices, procedures and policies. References Comprehensive Security Services, Inc. (2012). Retrieved from http://www. comprehensivesecurity. net Global Knowledge Training LLC. (2010). 10 Essential Security Policies. Retrieved from http://isaca. org Ortmeier, P. (2009). Introduction to security: O perations and management (3rd ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall.

Advantages of Internet for Students

Advantages Of Internet For Students Nevertheless, students and teachers have experienced following 10 advantages of Internet. 1. Assortment of Information Lots of information of different kinds is kept on the web server on the Net. This means that millions web sites include various data in the shape of images and text. On every subject of the planet information can be easily collected by you. For this function, special sites, called search engines can be found on the Internet to search data of each and every subject of the planet. . Online Medical Guidance Several web sites will also be on the Web to obtain details about various conditions. You are able to consult with a cell of on-line physicians to obtain guidance about any medical problem. In addition, lots of material can also be on the Web for research in medical industry. 3. Looking for Jobs You are able to search various kinds of jobs throughout their vacant vacancies are advertised by the world, Most of the organizations/depa rtments around the world, on the web.The search engines will also be employed to search the jobs on the web. You are able to make an application for the necessary work through the Web. 4. Communication You are able to keep in touch with other through Internet all over the world. You could speak by seeing to 1 another; only you’re speaking with your pals in your drawing room. For this function, various services are supplied on the Internet such as; speaking, video conferencing, Email and Internet telephone an such like. 5. InformationThe Web enables students to see the most recent news on a particular topic they’re learning. If they’re learning American politics they may do an information search and discover what is happening on the planet of politics at that very time. It will help them link what they’re understanding how to real life. Additionally, it may keep them thinking about a topic. 6. Online Training The facility is provided by the internet to obt ain an online training. Several web sites of different colleges offer lessons and classes on different subjects or subjects.You may also obtain these classes or lessons in your personal computer. You are able to hear these classes repeatedly and obtain a large amount of understanding. It’s very simple and cheap method to get training. 7. Encyclopedia Occasionally, encyclopedia mightn’t constantly be accessible to individuals and so they might have trouble with in getting the use of the actual guides within the selection. If that’s the case, the encyclopedia of various topics on the Web could be useful. 8. Online Railway and Airplane SchedulesToday, railway and several Airline businesses offer their timing of trains and routes respectively on the web. 9. Online Results Today, all of the training boards and colleges present result on the web. Their results can be watched by the students from any kind of nation or world. 10. Advertisement Today, products are advert ised by most of the commercial organizations through Internet. It’s effective and inexpensive method for the marketing of goods. The services and products could be given lovely and attractive method to the people round the world.

Health Service Systems Week 6 Essays

Health Service Systems Week 6 Essays Health Service Systems Week 6 Essay Health Service Systems Week 6 Essay This paper analyzes the strategies and recommendations to improve the financial performance of Middlefield Hospital. The problem started when the chief financial officer (CFO) indicated that the financial performance of the hospital has been deteriorating over the last 6 months. Hospitals throughout the world are operating on tight budgets. Therefore operational managers must find ways to reduce cost and â€Å"manage productivity across all areas and job categories† (Langabeer, 2008, p.129). There are many factors contributing to this problem: The hospital is exceeding its budget, the new facility across town has continued to cut into Middlefield’s market share by admitting more patients, and the number of admissions to the hospital is declining each month, while more uninsured patients are seeking services at the facility. The hospital has to change its strategies in order to improve its overall financial performance. These strategies include: spending on accounting systems to cut costs, increasing the accounts receivable collections, or increasing legitimacy with stakeholders and donors; improving efficiency through professional administration; spending on advertising to increase revenues through increased market share and premium prices; and offsetting patient care losses with substantial net income from sources not directly connected to patient care. After convening with the Middlefield Hospital management team, we were able to identify the core facts that my recommendations were built on. Medicare is responsible for 37 percent of all community hospital revenues, and reimbursement for capital expenses constitutes only about 7 percent of this revenue. In addition, the patient population of Middlefield Hospital is comprised of more and more Medicare, Medicaid, and uninsured patients and fewer patients have commercial insurance. In order to increase the net income the hospital should invest in advertising. Furthermore, advertising is likely to yield significant gains in Middlefield by attracting profitable patients. In return, the hospital should get ready to be shopped as many of our existing patients will be looking for other high-quality, fairly-priced providers. To retain our patients and attract new ones, the hospital’s trained-staff should be ready for the question of cost from empowered direct-pay patients. They also need to be prepared with a price list and a clear statement of what services are provided in Middlefield. To increase the hospital’s quality improvement program, I recommend that Middlefield reach out to their patients regularly. This can be achieved by following simple steps such as; assigning a staff member to call selected patients one month after their visit to see how they are doing; print their schedule and circle who to call; put notes in the chart as needed; pre-schedule annual exams and follow-ups for the on-going care; and to be proactive for patients as many will not remember to call. This is especially important when people are paying for more care themselves. According to our text book, surveys can be used as another tool to measure patient’s satisfaction with the hospital offered-care â€Å"Hospital survey was developed and implemented to periodically measure hospital care from the patient’s perspective. Results are intended to help hospitals improve their performance in areas identified as consumer concerns†. My other recommendation is merging into wellness programs. They are available in many forms depending on what the community needs. Such preventive programs can be identified by soliciting feedback from the hospital’s community, physicians and other health care providers. Wellness programs may include health risk assessments, exercise promotion, diagnosis-specific disease management, nutrition, weight loss, body mechanics, yoga, parenting and stress management. Because of the competition with a nearby hospital, wellness programs can be customized to meet specific community or employer requirements. The hospital may also partner with larger organizations such as the American Heart Association or the American Cancer Society to attract new patients to seek services at Middlefield. Emphasis on the intended positive effects of managed care is vital at this stage of improving the hospitals financial performance. By having a single point of healthcare management, we believe efficiencies are maximized and effectiveness of care delivery is ensured to the benefit of the covered subscribers. Middlefield should adopt a high level of intellectual resources that ideally operate to control costs and resourcefully allocate healthcare services. To help reduce the cost of the employee’s health plan, Middlefield can offer financial incentives to its employees by providing cost effective care, encouraging positive outcomes, and giving the employees the chance to get involved in preventive programs so they will have a healthier life-style. Middlefield hospital can build a new reputation by adopting new innovative-services, focusing on three powerful interests: patient safety, employee satisfaction, and financial health- and focus on their mission as  providing quality care at an affordable rate. Barton, Phoebe Lindsey (2009). Understanding the US Health Services System, 4th Edition. Building Low-Cost, High-Quality Health Care Regions in America ihi. org/IHI/Programs/StrategicInitiatives/HowWillWeDoThat. htm Human Resources and Community Development cbo. gov/ftpdocs/107xx/doc10753/1983_05_06_hospital. pdf Langabeer, J. R. (2008). Health care operations management: A quantitative approach to business and logistic.

Five cities in Europe with free MA

Five cities in Europe with free MA Best European cities to do Master’s degree for free Are you thinking about obtaining a postgraduate degree, but you worried that you couldn’t cover the expenses? Here’s what you can do - get a Master’s degree in Europe for free! Sounds good, isn’t it? Believe it or not, but many European universities are funded by the states, which means that higher education is often partly or wholly subsidized by the administration of each country. Therefore, the education costs you less than half of the price, and in some cases, it’s even free. Here is a list of the best cities in Europe, where you can accomplish your Master’s for free and make a new home for a year or two. Berlin, Germany Easily one of the most fashionable cities in Central Europe, Berlin is an ultimate destination for creative and open-minded folks. Also, the house of techno and just an anchor point for authentic and relevant street culture. Not only does a city of Berlin lends a comfortable environment for students to express their personality but also makes a living relatively cheap in contrast with more lavish cities like Munich and Dresden! Why Germany? Germany was named one of the most favorable countries among international students, while reputable universities in Berlin and average living expenses make it an ideal place to study abroad. Try sending your application to Freie University of Berlin and Humbolt University of Berlin, since they are considered the best for international students. Â   Paris, France France may not be as widely known as Germany for affordable higher education. But international students may be surprised to learn that they can also study in France for free (or, at a meager price), regardless of their nationality. Despite the fact that technically some fees are applied in public universities in France, they constitute only a fraction of the sum other countries may charge. Also, the cost of living in Paris is relatively affordable for an average student. Stockholm, Sweden Stockholm is painstakingly chic, carefree, and most of the locals know English as their first language. In Sweden, of course, you’ll have to be prepared for slightly chilly conditions, so your wardrobe could go well without shorts and tank tops. Even in Summer, a hoodie over your t-shirt wouldn’t be such a bad idea. Â   Stockholm University can be your starting point for your Masters as well as few other universities that offer free (or almost fee-free) education. Although Sweden is also not the cheapest place to live, the standard of living is high here, and the government takes actions to make it more attractive, offering various scholarships and loans to students, while also encouraging international students to work during their studying. Amsterdam, The Netherlands There’s no better place for a student to enjoy a laid-back charm of Amsterdam, where the city can be shown cycling in just a matter of hours. Amsterdam’s vibe is ideal for student life; it’s compact, creative, liberal and full of history. That’s why such a huge amount of tourists and students flock to Amsterdam each year with a desire to have the time of their life. Pursue your Master's degree at the following institutions: University of Amsterdam Leiden University The government provides housing subsidies for full-time students, as well as grants for students from $ 200-450 per month to those who work while studying. The financial support for students is very generous here, but you have to be dealing with batches of documents before you gain access to these benefits, and it can be a pain in the neck to do. Maybe it's worth to hire someone to help you figure out everything: if you sort it out in the right way, you can graduate with a Master’s diploma in your hands and not a cent of debt to follow you. Â   Vienna, Austria Vienna is a city well-known for its cultural and musical impact, which offers a number of Master's courses for international students in English. The city portrays itself as an off-beaten point of attraction for students of all nationalities. The University of Vienna and the University of Innsbruck are the best when it comes to getting your Master’s degree. All students receive an ID card, which allows a nice discount on public transport, cinemas, multiple cafes and restaurants, and even a free admission to museums and galleries. Sounds amazing, right?

Comprehensive cases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Comprehensive cases - Essay Example This raised quite a stir as people thought Ratan Tata was an insecure person who wants to remove all experienced people form the company. Ratan Tata was no doubt and excellent leader as instead of paying heed to such skepticism he hired fresh talent for the company and therefore was able to bring in new ideas and motivated new employees for the business. He now developed Tata Business Excellence Model (TBEM), which was implemented with the help of Tata’s quality management service. With the help of this model he was able to enhance the productivity and efficiency of the organization. Ratan Tata believed in employee empowerment. His leadership style and long term vision were two important reasons for his success. According to the executive director of Tata Sons, Ratan Tata did not tell them what to do or gave orders like a typical boss, instead he would ask them what we wanted to do and how they would achieve their goals. This gave a sense of responsibility to the employees and empowered them. Ratan Tata brought in a new culture in the organization. His managers were now bolder and risk taking. They were allowed to experiment with new ideas and implement unique thoughts into action. Ratan wanted his employees to have a strategic vision and yet realistic goals. He was directing the company in two directions. In one direction the company was focusing on mass markets of India, where as in the other he went international. He understood how globalization was taking over and in a few years it would be difficult for him to compete in his own market if new measures were not taken. He then started an extensive marketing plan where he advertised his company in major public events like concerts, games etc. He also believed that in order to be on top, a business needs to have technological advantage. For this reason he threw out all obsolete equipment in the Tata Steel Mills and brought in new efficient models of those equipments. In just a few years time Ratan chang ed this slow moving giant in to a sleek model of quality and success. It is not an easy task to bring in and manage change in an organization. Ratan Tata was a leader with many qualities who was able to single handedly, bring in these changes and manage them effectively. He had vision, conviction and clarity. His was socially conscious and held ethical values which helped him transform this organization into what it is today. Question No 2 As soon as Ratan Tata took over Tata group of companies he started restructuring and streamlining the company as he thought that the presence of Tata in such diverse businesses affects its ability to respond to market changes promptly. Through this streamlining process Ratan Tata was able to remove all Tata companies which, instead of being productive were a liability for the Tata group of companies. He closed down businesses of cosmetics, consumer electronics, toiletries, pharmaceuticals, paints and oil, cement, textiles etc. On the other hand, h e saw some potential in businesses such as passenger cars, auto components, telecom retail and power insurance, and therefore invested more in these businesses. Ratan Tata believed in being on the top. When he was asked why he exited so many businesses he replied that if any of his companies was not among the top three companies, he would take extreme measures to either do something

Prewriting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Prewriting - Assignment Example 2. Is this essay aimed at a particular audience (a sympathetic, neutral, or hostile audience)? Where was it published? This essay is aimed at college students belonging to millennial generation, studying stress tolerance strategies deployed by them and analyzing their effectiveness. The article was published by Project Innovation, Inc. in Spring Hill Station, Virginia (Southeast America). 3. What is the author’s purpose for writing the essay and his or her thesis (main claim)? The authors intend to study lifestyles exhibited by college students of recent generations and stress-handling strategies adopted by them. Through an assessment survey of 246 students, the authors were able to conclude on their thesis that these undergraduates are not managing stress effectively, thereby exposing themselves to high risks of low stress tolerance. The authors mainly claim through this essay that people should create such circumstances for their millennial generation kids going to college t hat they can learn to be independent and handle stress on their own. 4. What assumptions does the author make about the topic of general/liberal arts education (i.e. it is necessary or outdated, or should be modified, or is successful under certain circumstances)? The authors assume that college life is a stressful journey for masses and believe it to be necessary to focus on the millennial generations pertaining to last 30 years since they lack the mature abilities of coping with stress. Current circumstances have led them to adopt methods to combat stress which are highly ineffective and produce adverse effects. The authors have carefully selected and targeted subject-matter for this dissertation that constitutes to issues of modern era. The authors however claim that their research shall not be projected on or taken to be representative of the entire population since they selected a limited sample size for their study. Additionally, due to nature of research methodology adopted, cause and effect relationship cannot be accurately established and needs further verification. 5. What appeals does the author make? See below. Does the author appeal to reason (for example, with use of statistics, expert testimony, or personal experience)? Where and how (might want to write paragraph numbers)? Does the author appeal to emotion (for example, with loaded adjectives)? Where and how (might want to write paragraph numbers)? Does the author appeal to our sense of ethics (what’s right or wrong) by showing he or she is trustworthy? Where and how (might want to write paragraph numbers)? The authors appeal to reason that young generations find it very difficult to cope with stress and use undesirable means to struggle against it, resulting in drastic repercussions. At various places in the article, the articles defend their viewpoint with logical and quantitative reasoning including segments in ‘Millennials and Stress’ paragraph (pp. 364), ‘Stress T olerance’ paragraph (pp. 365), ‘Results’ paragraph (pp. 368-71) and ‘Discussion’ paragraph (pp. 372-73). Additionally, they also appeal to emotion by suggesting how the immature and innocent generations need more attention and parental support in handling stress and social pressures of achieving good grades to survive in the highly competitive society. This has been emphasized in sections of ‘