Spanish Punctuation Rules for Beginners

Spanish and English are similar enough in their punctuation that a beginner might look at something in Spanish and not notice anything unusual except for a few upside-down question marks or exclamation points. Look more closely, however, and youll find other key differences that you should learn as soon as youre ready to start learning how to write Spanish. Usually, as with other Indo-European languages, the punctuation conventions of English and Spanish are very similar. In both languages, for example, periods can be used to mark abbreviations or to end sentences, and parentheses are used for inserting nonvital remarks or words. However, the differences explained below are common and apply to both formal and information variations of the written languages. Questions and Exclamations As already mentioned, the most common difference is the use of inverted question marks and exclamation points, a feature that is almost unique to Spanish. (Galician, a minority language of Spain and Portugal, also uses them.) The inverted punctuation is used at the beginning of questions and exclamations. They should be used within a sentence if only part of the sentence contains the question or exclamation.  ¡Quà © sorpresa! (What a surprise!) ¿Quieres ir? (Do you want to go?)Vas al supermercado,  ¿no? (Youre going to the supermarket, arent you?)No va  ¡maldito sea! (Hes not going, darn it!) Dialogue Dashes Another difference youre likely to see often is the use of a dash—such as the ones separating this clause from the rest of the sentence—to indicate the beginning of dialogue. The dash is also used to end dialogue within a paragraph or to indicate a change in speaker, although none is needed at the end of dialogue if the end comes at the end of a paragraph. In other words, the dash can substitute for quotation marks under some circumstances. Here are examples of the dash in action. The paragraph mark in the translations is used to show where a new paragraph would begin in traditionally punctuated English, which uses separate paragraphs to indicate a change in speaker. — ¿Vas al supermercado?— le preguntà ³. —No sà ©. (Are you going to the store? he asked her.  ¶ I dont know.)— ¿Crees que va a llover? —Espero que sà ­. —Yo tambià ©n. (Do you think it is going to rain?  ¶ I hope so.  ¶ So do I.) When dashes are used, it isnt necessary to start a new paragraph with a change in speaker. These dashes are used by many writers instead of quotation marks, although the use of quotation marks is common. When standard quotation marks are used, the are used much as in English, except that, unlike in American English, commas or periods at the end of a quote are placed outside the quotation marks reather than inside. Voy al supermarcodo, le dijo. (Im going to the store, he told her.)Ana me dijo: La bruja està ¡ muerta. (Ana told me: The witch is dead.) Less common still is the use of angular quotation marks, which find more use in Spain than Latin America. Angular quotation marks are used much the same as regular quotation marks, and they are often used when it is necessary to place a quotation mark within other quotation marks: Pablo me dijo:  «Isabel me declarà ³, Somos los mejores, pero no lo creo ». (Pablo told me: Isabel declared to me, We are the best, but I dont believe it.) Punctuation Within Numbers A third difference youll see in writing from Spanish-speaking countries is that comma and period usage in numbers is reversed from what it is in American English; in other words, Spanish uses a decimal comma. For example, 12,345.67 in English becomes 12.345,67 in Spanish, and $89.10, whether used to refer to dollars or the monetary units of some other countries, becomes $89,10. Publications in Mexico and Puerto Rico, however, generally use the same number style as is used in the United States. Some publications also use an apostrophe to mark off the millions in numbers, such as with 12345.678,90 for 12,234,678.90 in American English. This approach is rejected however, by some grammarians and recommended against by Fundà ©u, a prominent language watchdog organization. Key Takeaways Spanish uses both inverted and standard question and exclamation parks to mark off the beginning and end of questions and exclamations.Some Spanish writers and publications use long dashes and angular quotation marks in addition to standard quotation marks.In most Spanish-speaking areas, commas and periods are used within numbers in the opposite way that they are in American English.

How Did Ancient Peoples Make Music - 1655 Words

How did ancient peoples make music? Music is the oldest language in the world and has been used since the dawn of time to give expression to emotions, feelings, and ideas that could not be put into words. The oldest known musical instrument is the flute, which is at least 35,000 years old. The flute has changed over the course of its long history, from century to century, society to society. The flute’s design, the sounds it produces, and its purpose has evolved from ancient flutes, to medieval flutes, to the Baroque and Romantic flutes, and, finally, modern flutes. The ancient flute started out as simple â€Å"hollowed out bones or sticks with an embouchure hole† (â€Å"Timeline of Flute History†), the embouchure hole being where the player blows into the instrument. Evidence of the ancient transverse flute is found in artwork from Western Europe, the Middle East, and Asia (â€Å"Timeline of Flute History†). European transverse flutes appear for the first time in Etruscan iconographs from the first to the fourth centuries B.C. (â€Å"Vienna Symphonic Library†). Ancient flutes were also made from baked clay pipes or reeds (â€Å"Flute†). Bamboo flutes were used in East Asia, Sumer, and Egypt. The ancient Sumerians and Egyptians were among the first to add 3-4 finger holes to their bamboo flutes (â€Å"Vienna Symphonic Library†). The oldest playable musical instruments yet found are from the Henan Province in China and are roughly 9,000 years old. These flutes are made from the hollow wing bones of theShow MoreRelatedThe Treasures Of The Musical Heritage965 Words   |  4 Pages In ancient Greek societies, music was definitely one of the most consequential ways of utterance in their societies. Greek mythology glorifies the richness and variety of the Greek music and instruments in many legends. Music was a way for Greeks themselves, to exemplify their religious rituals and traditions. 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Analysis of Destructive Leadership-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Define Destructive Leadership. Answer: Leaders are there to guide the employees and workers of an organization. There are different forms of leadership and they should be implemented effectively. The essay analyses the destructive leadership style and the reasons of adopting the same. After gaining knowledge in the destructive leadership style we can state there is little valid reason for adopting this type of leadership style. It highlights the worst aspects of the leadership style. The worst aspects include the abusive style of treatment, enforcement of tyranny and exertion of supervision. The essay reviews and integrates the extant literature on destructive leadership. I opine for the fact that the destructive leadership includes the volatile behavior by a leader. The leader adopts the destructive leadership style when he intends to harm the organization of a leader. The leader following the destructive leadership style provokes to the followers to contravene the legitimate interests of the organization. It is done adopting the leadership methods and styles that is harmful for the organization. The justification of such behavior is neglected in such form of leadership (Collins Jackson, 2015). However there is a huge confusion between the ineffective leader and the destructive leaders. The destructive leaders lead to negative actions and negative goals. The ineffective leaders lead to neglect of the goals. By ineffective leaders we mean the passive behavior of the leaders (Lam, Walter Huang, 2014). The ineffective leaders do not respond to any situation and does not work for the goals and targets of the company or the organization. While we perform the destructive leadership style then we need to concentrate on the harmful behavior that we can perpetrate. It is done to include in the process of leadership (Schyns Schilling, 2013). I felt the need to argue to establish the point that the destructive leadership is different from the other harmful leadership style. In the harmful process of leadership the leaders themselves perform the actions that are harmful for organization. On the contrary the destructive leadership program includes provoking the followers to perform some wrong actions. The consequences of such actions lead to harmful consequences. There are certain manifestations of Destructive leadership style. The first and foremost manifestation is the instance is when the leaders encourage the followers to pursue the goals that undermine the legitimate interest of the organization. For example, if the priority of the organization is the best quality of the products the leader who follows the destructive leadership style opposes it and inspires the followers to encourage doing the opposite for the same (Krasikova, Green and LeBreton, 2013). Therefore from the above essay this can be concluded that the destructive leadership can be termed as a volitionally harmful behavior. The leaders aim towards the betterment of the organization. The leaders who follow the destructive leadership process aims at the destruction of the company. The choice of the harmful methods of the influence in such cases is both volitional and intentional. The leaders voluntarily choose actions. The final conclusion that can be made by analyzing the above discussed forms of leadership is that a leader must aim at improving the organization. The leader is an important agent of motivating the employees. Thus destructive leadership is not a desirable process and a negative process. References Krasikova, D., Green, S. and LeBreton, J. (2013). Destructive Leadership.Journal of Management, 39(5), pp.1308-1338. Schyns, B., Schilling, J. (2013). How bad are the effects of bad leaders? A meta-analysis of destructive leadership and its outcomes.The Leadership Quarterly,24(1), 138-158. Collins, M. D., Jackson, C. J. (2015). A process model of self-regulation and leadership: How attentional resource capacity and negative emotions influence constructive and destructive leadership.The Leadership Quarterly,26(3), 386-401. Lam, C. K., Walter, F., Huang, X. (2014). Antecedents and consequences of destructive leadership: a resource depletion persp

Pluralist and Power Elite Approaches

Introduction to Pluralist and Power Elite Approaches Human society is one of the most complicated aspects of the analysis regarding the relations between individuals, groups of individuals, and other entities that can be allocated in terms of resources of influence. Sociology of power emphasises the power relations between different communities and identifies the real influencing aspects that can alter a situation and the governance as well as the process of rule making.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pluralist and Power Elite Approaches specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this respect, it is necessary to dwell on the principles of rule making and different approaches to this process as related to the political rule and social power that can be considered the most important factors while assessing the influence of certain resources on the power, governing power, and resulting in the political regime. Different t heories of power distribution can be analysed with regard to the power of influence and the amount of resources to influence others or situation. Though history saw many examples of both approaches, pluralist and power elite, it is necessary to enlarge on the principles of power distribution in society in different periods of human civilization’s activity with regard to the economic situation and social movements. Moreover, the political power and the power of influence cannot be analysed as a single and the only aspect for the political regime establishment; these two concepts can be even opposed to each other or exist at the same period making one of those principles more important than other. In other words, the distribution of power in society cannot always be analysed in terms of theories of political rule making. Besides, the power to make political decisions does not always arise from the real objective interests and can be characterised by the interests and preference s of the political participants (Lukes 2005: 29). The pluralist approach is largely opposed to the power elite one in terms of ‘the business of rule’ and the process of rule making due to discrepancies in the regime’s strengths and the overall theoretical advantages of a definite approach. In other words, the pluralism approach highlights the equality of influencing powers regardless its real situation whereas the power of elite approach enables the most influential individuals to make rules. So, the main idea of the current paper consists in analysing and assessing the contradictions between the pluralist and power elite approaches taking into account the distribution of power in society and allocation of resources compared to the political power and the process of rule making.Advertising Looking for essay on natural sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Theories of Political Rule and Social Power Theo ries and the power elite approach.The power elite approach is mostly referred to as the one existing in the era before the French Revolution and is largely opposed to the democracy of the contemporary United States of America (Bull 2002: 8-9). However, it is necessary to note that the concept of state and the problem of rule making are closely connected to the distribution of power because the power exist in a certain society while a society has certain rules and common interests. In this respect, some states can exist regardless of a definite territory or a restriction of rules to a certain territory because the main concept of power distribution happens among individuals and groups that can be situated within the territory (Bull 2002: 9). Nevertheless, though political power is spread over the population, it is often limited to a certain territory and can change regarding the interests of the same nation and preferences existing in various regions of the same state. The main theor y of power elite approach in rule making concerns the command as the way to allocate the process of distribution of power in society; however, it is necessary to emphasise the principle when the interests or rules are characterised as good or legal contrasted to the objective principles or unification of preferences that is typical of a power elite approach (Poggi 1978: 2-5). In additions, the existence of visible diversity and other so-called advantages of the pluralist approach can be considered irrelevant because these concepts do not guarantee the appropriateness of political power or genuine equality in the power allocation principles (Lukes 2005: 47). State and society are approached in different ways in by a power elite principle whereas the process of unification is more obvious taking into account the principles typical of the pluralist approach. So, the theory of differentiation is the core of the power elite approach because it enables a single leader to make decisions an d make laws (often in association with another part of social elite) and there is no necessity to fight for political power as the main concept of influence is the command.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pluralist and Power Elite Approaches specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Theories and the pluralist approach. The pluralist approach to the rule making process makes the United States of America the most prominent example of this principle in action. Though there is a number of irrefutable evidence of this method’s inappropriateness and secrecy (regardless of the observable openness), its benefits are largely promoted and supported by the global community and international society. Collective behaviour tradition can be considered the core concept for the pluralist approach to the process of rule making (Gamson 1975: 131). This causes the unification of the relations between individuals, groups, and individu al-group/group-individual relations in society. As social relations are commonly unified in accordance with the pluralist approach, inequality arises from the democracy as it appears in a contemporary society because interests are unified as well as preferences though the resources of influence can differ greatly which can result in relocation of political power and, hence, the change of the principles of rule making. The main theories of the pluralist approach include the inferiority of the social preferences compared to the preferences and interests of the political power. As a rule, the pluralist approach is aimed at meeting the requirements of the democracy regardless the genuine principles of power allocation and the amount of resources of influence. Thus, collective goals unify the social interests and make common rules serves the reaching of those goals; the political behaviour can be analysed with regard to the goals of a community opposed to personal interests and preferenc es (Gamson 1975: 138). Benefits of the pluralist approach can be neutralized with the differentiating nature of the contemporary policy in the international society opposed to the principles of unification brought about by other communities that popularize the differentiation concepts. As the core aspect of the pluralist approach to the rule making is the unification, this theory can fail to address all existing interests and preferences topical for the current members of a society. Distribution of Power in Society Discussing the contradictions of the pluralist and power elite theories is incomplete with the consideration of the distribution of power in society.Advertising Looking for essay on natural sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In particular, these issues matter when applied to common analysis of presented theories either approving or disapproving the leading role of society in forming the power relations. Another difficulty arises when dealing with the problem of democracy and inequality. In this case, there is the necessity to make an emphasis on the character of the leading power and the triggering principle of power relations. The major controversy appears when considering distribution of power in society in terms of pluralist views. Due to the fact that this approach is based on meeting the needs of democracies, social power is distributed according to the principle of equal impact on the government. The problem is that equal distribution of power among physical entities is not always possible because of irrational resources allocation presented by material object, social status, and ethical considerations (Dahl 1961:3). In response to this problem, the necessity to introduce the elite power approach to social order is inevitable due to the rigid inequality of property, knowledge and social position, and publicity between the members of society (Dahl 1961:6). In order to reconcile the needs of power elite and the constellations of influenced groups, it is necessary to consider power distribution with reference to institutional arrangement and command. These two concepts presented by Poggi (1978:3) seem to be quite reasonable from the perspective of political order and legitimacy. Indeed, favorable distribution of resources on the basis of command is more effective that that based on custom and exchange. This is explained by the ideas that the body of custom end exchange cannot sustain the exploration and mobilization of new resources and values. In addition, it does not allow society to prevent various contingencies enabling the members to choose the most appropriate patterns to act (Poggi 1978:4). Arising from everything mentioned above, the main principle of power allocation s hould be based on unanimous legitimate arrangement on the two-polar power system. Therefore, society should be directed by one or a specific set of goals that would encompass social and political order. Alternatively, the disposition of views and approaches, which is typical of pluralistic order, will lead to appearance of different values and beliefs (Bull 2002:4). Bull’s approach to the distribution of power is predominantly based on monopolistic views that exclude the pluralist techniques for the decision-making process. Therefore, the introduction of democratic approaches will strike the balance within the domain of social and political dimensions (Emerson 1962:32). Comparative Assessment of the Strengths and Weaknesses of the Pluralism and Elite Power Approaches Highlighting the strengths of the pluralist and elite power approaches. Each of the approaches under consideration has some strong sides due to their great contributions to the arrangement of social and political order. Considering the pluralist theory, the positive side of pluralist approach implementation consists in its focus on social relation as the leading factor of power formation. In particular, the main underpinning of social power is not the leading actor, but the relation itself (Emerson, 1962: 33). The leaders possess power only when they have a specific group to impose power on. In addition to this, the pluralist approach is more effective as far as a decision-making process is concerned. Lukes (2005:17), thus, places an emphasis on the social behavior as the triggering factor of social relations and as an indicator of power. Consistent and successful process of decision making generates a healthy competition that, in its turn, positively contributes to social, economical, and political development of a state. In contrast, the main merit of the elite power approach in the process of rule making is also valuable. According to this theory, the social relations are governed by one purpose where all decisions are made with regard to this purpose. The success of such monopolistic approach is possible in case the state is headed by the leader who has sufficient resources and who is able to allocate them within society in a reasonable way. The governing of one leader fosters the accomplishment of the established goals and decreases the possibility of disagreement within society (Bull 2002: 9). More importantly, the elite power theory contributes to the formation of social and political integrity. Considering the elite theory of power through the prism of social order, this approach is more efficient in arranging rules and orders within a state, particularly if the flow of social activities is based on the principle of command (Poggi, 1978:5). Indeed, the exploration and advancement will be considerably facilitated under the auspices of a monopolistic power. Highlighting the weaknesses of the pluralist and elite power approaches. Although the pluralist approach t o the process of rule-making is more productive for meeting the needs of society, it encounters the difficulties when dealing with the equal allocation of sources (Dahl 1961:5). In particular, excessive democracy dictating equal participation in governing can lead to greater discrepancies between communities. Discussing pluralism from the point of view of order formation, this method of rule making is irrelevant, because the social order cannot be based on the divergent positions. What is more important is mixed views cannot satisfy legal, moral, and economic aspect of decision making as the essence of political decision consist in the necessity to promote specific goals. The problem of decision making arises when dealing with elite power approach to the process of rule making. By promoting the leaders’ rules and preferences, the government deprives society of political significance and minimizing its role in providing viable solutions. In other words, the suppression of poli tical role decreases the importance of social relations (Emerson: 1962: 32). As a result, the government can lose the object of power and, therefore, it cannot be considered to owner of the power itself. In addition, the concentration of power can even lead to great inequality of resources distribution. Conclusion The pluralist and elite power approaches constitute opposite sides of a two-polar system with regard to the process of rule making. This is primarily predetermined by opposite focus on the political systems and conceptual priorities of both approaches. Hence, the pluralist approach is more concerned with influencing powers and social relations whereas the power of elite approach argues the necessity to establish a unanimous goal to pursue. On the one hand, a pluralistic approach considers social relations as the underpinning of governing and resources allocation. It also strives to establish the equality in the process of decision-making. On the other hand, elite power con cept is more effective in reaching the policy of unification where the international order is subjected to the prevailing superiority-inferiority relations. Taking into consideration all strengths and weaknesses, both approaches simultaneously provide viable solutions and serious controversies when applied to the distribution of power in society. Works Cited Bull, Hedley. The Concept of Order in World Politics. The Anarchical Society. A Study of Order in World Politics. UK: Palgrave, 2002, Print. Dahl, Robert A. Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. Emerson, Richard M. â€Å"Power-Dependence Relations†. American Sociological Review. 27.1. (1962): 31-41. Print. Gamson, William A. â€Å"the limits of Pluralism.† The Strategy of Social Protest. Homewood: The Dorsey Press, 1975. Print. Lukes, Steven. Power: a Radical View. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. Print. Poggi, Gianfranco. Introduction: The Business of R ule. The Development of the Modern State. California: Stanford University Press, 1978, Print. This essay on Pluralist and Power Elite Approaches was written and submitted by user Wayne Garza to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Multiple Sclerosis essays

Multiple Sclerosis essays Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a major health issue facing society today. It has affected more than 2.5 million people worldwide, including 400,000 Americans. MS is a serious chronic disease of the white matter of the central nervous system (CNS) that can render a person disabled. It usually starts between the ages of 20 and 40 years with an average onset of around 30. MS is proven to affect more women than men. Multiple sclerosis is thought to be an autoimmune disease. In MS, genetic factors and environmental factors are thought to be causes of the disease, such as, infections. MS is more common in colder climates, suggesting that geography may somehow influence a persons chance of developing it. The health profession that may be able to assist with this health issue is physical therapy to help with tightness, pain, and weakness in the muscles and joints. Physical therapy cannot cure the primary symptoms of MS, but the therapy can enable the patient to compensate for the changes brought about by this disease. The therapy can also be very helpful at lessening and even stopping the secondary symptoms. Treatments in physical therapy often can be completed in one to three office visits. The first appointment includes an evaluation and recommendations for exercises. The following appointments check the patients progress and review and expand their home program. Often, MS is active on the nerve fibers that control muscle movement. Many people with MS lose muscular strength in the arms and legs as the disease progresses. The loss can range from reduced dexterity to paralysis of an arm or leg (www.nmss.org). This is where I feel like physical therapy plays a vital role because it gives the patients hope and courage to go on with their every day lives. I feel that physical therapy will be very helpful because it would keep the patients muscles loose and able to have some range of motion. Without movem ...

How to write numbers, figures, dates and times - Emphasis

How to write numbers, figures, dates and times How to write numbers, figures, dates and times How good are you at watching your figures? These can be a crucial part of your document and the more clearly you express them, the better. Here are our guidelines for expressing time, money, statistics, data, dates and anything else involving numbers: 1. Write out numbers one to ten in words. 2. Use figures for 11 and above. 3. Avoid mixing words and figures in the same phrase. For example: You can order in multiples of 9, 12 or 16, not nine, 12 or 16. 4. Always use figures in data if decimals or fractions are involved: 6.25 or 6 1/4. 5. Write ordinals (first, second, third etc) in full, not 1st, 2nd, 3rd. 6. Write fractions in full and hyphenate them in the body of text eg two-thirds of the class. 7. Write thousands as 60,000, not 60K. 8. Use a comma for tens of thousands or more: 9000; 12,000; 50,000. 9. Write millions as 60 million or 60m, not 60,000,000. 10. File sizes should always be written as abbreviations eg 45Kb, or 1.8Mb. 11. A billion is a thousand million (1,000,000,000), not a million million. Write billions as 6 billion or 6bn, not 6,000,000,000. 12. Use per cent in running text (as opposed to tables etc.), not the % sign. 13. Use these forms rather that the 24-hour clock: 9.30am, 12 noon, 5pm, 12 midnight. 14. Write dates in this format: 7 September 2008. 15. Use twentieth century, not 20th century. 16. When indicating time span, use from/to, between/and or X-X. But dont mix and match: use from 9am to 5pm; or between 9am and 5pm; or 9am5pm. 17. If spanning dates in the same century, drop the first two digits of the second date. But keep them if the dates span different centuries: 196769, 19992008. 18. Do not use apostrophes for collective dates: 1990s, not 1990s. A few of these are issues of style rather than hard-and-fast rules. If youre not sure, or if you still have any questions on writing numbers, leave a comment and well get back to you.

Sex trafficking in the United states and if the women involved should Research Proposal

Sex trafficking in the United states and if the women involved should be prosecuted or considered victims - Research Proposal Example any of the women that are in the sex trafficking industry are targeted by pimps or recruiters because they seem to be in desperate situations such as being homeless or addicted to drugs, most of the women are suffering from extreme poverty. Once the women are brought into sex trafficking the recruiters have various methods of forcing them to continue. These can include physical violence, threats of violence to family members, threats of exposure and restricting the women’s freedom. (Raymond, Hughes. 7-8) The women that are forced into this life style are most often victims and should not be criminally prosecuted. Some of the women that are involved in sex trafficking do so willingly, mostly in the form of prostitution. One reason that many people oppose this form of sex trafficking is because they feel that it is morally wrong and the women are harmed by doing so (Dempsey. 18) Criminal prosecution of the women that willingly become prostitutes may deter others from becoming prostitutes, it would do nothing to stop unscrupulous people from forcing women into the

Manchester united brand vision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Manchester united brand vision - Essay Example These numbers have become major attractions to the sponsors of the club including AIG, Nike, Chevrolet, Vodafone and so on. A brand represents product development and history (Kotler , Armstrong and Wong, 2008). However, the owner and managers have the power to maintain a brand. Manchester United has a long history of attractive victory matches. The club has owned 19 league titles and over 20 other champions. To retain their position, it has to continue playing high level over a long period. Moreover, the club was established over 100 years ago, thereby gaining global fan bases. Therefore, the fans tend to tie their love for the club by purchasing Manchester United costumes, equipment and other accessories. This makes Manchester United as an attractive proposition in the international marketplace. Sponsorship allows inclusion of the company brand logo on the Manchester United playing kit, the right to use the club logo in promotions and advertisements at the Manchester United games (Beech and Chadwick , 2007). It also allows the sponsors to feature in the Manchester United marketing materials such as magazine, internet and program matches. The association with the club will play a significant role to the sponsor brand. These benefits include promoting and enhancing the sponsor brand, there retaining and attracting new customers. The fans and the supporter of Manchester United are the core attribute of its brand. This is an added advantage to the brand over other football clubs because it is regarded as an emotional bond. As a result, Manchester United brand is growing faster than other sport brands. It is growing faster and further beyond other traditional sport brands worldwide. Research indicates that the club customer database is over 10 million and, it is forecasted to continue growing (Lagae, 2005). Manchester United is referred to as a distributor brand due to its characteristics and attributes. It has sponsors from various

The Dangerous Danger That Dangers the Danger Essay Example for Free

The Dangerous Danger That Dangers the Danger Essay PURPOSE The purpose of this experiment is to determine if the elasticity of bubble gum affects the diameter of a bubble blown with the gum. HYPOTHESIS If the elasticity of the bubble gum is higher, then the diameter of the bubble blown will be significantly larger because the bubble will be able to stretch farther, therefore giving it a larger diameter. The independent variable is the elasticity of the gum. The dependent variable is the diameter of the bubble blown. The constants are the stopwatch used, environment tested in, and temperature outside. There was no control group. MATERIALS  · 3 tape measurers  · 1 piece of Bubble Yum Original gum  · 1 piece of Wrigley’s Extra bubble gum  · 1 piece of Orbit Spearmint gum  · 1 piece of Mentos Tropical Mix gum  · 1 piece of Trident Tropical Twist gum  · 8 strands of Big League Chew gum  · 4-6 test subjects to chew gum  · 6 data sheets  · 1 pen PROCEDURE Part 1: 1. Gather materials. 2. Take one piece of Orbit Spearmint gum. 3. Chew the gum for approximately three minutes (the exact time does not matter). 4. Take the chewed gum and begin to blow a bubble. 5. Use the tape measurer to measure the diameter of the bubble when the bubble is at its largest. 6. Record the diameter of the bubble blown onto data sheet. 7. Repeat steps 4-6 two more times. 8. Proceed to Part 2. 9.Repeat steps 2-8 for all the types of gum. Part 2: 1. Remove gum from mouth. 2. Place the wrapper on the ends of the gum and slowly pull it apart. 3. Measure the length of the gum while continuing to pull it apart until the gum breaks or sags to the ground. 4. Record the length the bubble gum stretched before breaking. 5. Analyze and draw conclusions. WRITTEN RESULTS AND ANALYSIS The data collected from this experiment shows that overall Big League Chew produced the largest bubble, and Bubble Yum had the largest elasticity. Orbit Spearmint and Trident Tropical Twist produced the two smallest average bubble diameters; also, both had the smallest elasticity. The remaining brands fell into the middle of the categories; Wrigley’s Extra had a bubble diameter average of 8 millimeters and an average elasticity of 3500 millimeters, and Mentos Tropical Mix had a bubble average of 5.7 millimeters and an average elasticity of 1200 millimeters. Bubble Yum Original had an average diameter of 72 millimeters and an average elasticity of 4000 millimeters, and Big League Chew had an average bubble diameter of 100 millimeters and an average elasticity of 1500 millimeters. Lastly, Orbit Spearmint had an average bubble diameter of 24 millimeters and an average elasticity of 800 mm, and Trident Tropical Mix had an average bubble diameter of 20 millimeters with an average e lasticity of 1050 millimeters. The largest bubbles with the greatest elasticity had significantly larger servings of gum than all of the other brands. The small bubble sizes and poor elasticity could be because of the small size. CONCLUSION The purpose of this experiment was to determine if the elasticity of bubble gum affects the size of its bubble. The hypothesis for the experiment was if the gum has a high elasticity, then it will blow a larger bubble because it would be able to stretch out more. The hypothesis was supported because the results of the experiment showed that the bubble gum with higher elasticity generally had higher bubble sizes. The bubble gum types that stretched the most and also had the largest diameters were Bubble Yum Original and Big League Chew. The bubble gums with the least elasticity and the smallest diameters were Orbit Spearmint and Trident Tropical Twist. The scientific explanation for the results is that the higher amounts of elasticity in the gum allowed it to expand and stretch more, giving it a larger diameter. Attempts to limit errors in this experiment included using three trials, testing with the same person per type of gum, using the same measuring devices, and the testing enviro nment. Some possible sources of error were the fact that there were different people chewing the gum, the measuring was not always always accurate, there was a time constraint forcing the experiment to be rushed, and the gum bubble sizes were dependent on the person chewing it. From this experiment, it is suggested that the elasticity of bubble gum does affect the bubble size. In future experiments, more types of gum could be used to get a better sense of the results. In the real world, this information can be applied so that people don’t chew gum with high elasticity in schools. If someone is chewing gum of high elasticity, it would make bigger bubbles, make a louder sound, disrupt the classroom, and be a big problem academically for the students.

Dark Matter :: physics science space

Dark Matter For centuries, physicists and philosophers alike have wondered what makes up our universe. Aristotle thought that all matter came in one of four forms: Earth, Air, Fire, and Water. Since then we have come a long way, with the discovery of the atoms and the subatomic particles they are made of. We can even guess at what makes up protons and neutrons. We have since then discovered and predicted the existence of particles other than the atom, such as the photon, neutrino, axion, and many others. Despite all our advances in particle physics and astrophysics, we still don't know what form of matter makes up 95% of the universe. Physicists have named this mysterious substance dark matter, for it can not be detected by observation (it does not emit visible or other frequency light waves). However, we know that dark matter must exist, following Newton's universal law of gravity. There are two ways to prove the existence of dark matter. We know that the universe must have a certain mass in order for its attractive gravitational forces to slow the expansion of the universe which started at the big bang. We can precisely calculate the rate at which the universe is expanding currently, and how fast it has expanded in the past. From this we get the theoretical mass of the universe. This figure falls far short of the visible mass of the universe, which consists of stars, planets, and hot gas. This is how scientists are able to prove that we can only see about 5% of our universe. We can also prove that dark matter exists in galaxies by examining how they spin. When an object rotates in a circular orbit, the object has a tendency to fly off in a path tangent to the orbit. If the stays within the orbit, it has a radial acceleration which is equal to its velocity squared over the radius of the orbit. The only force which is keeping the body in the orbit is the force of gravity, which is dependent on the mass of the system. Knowing this, physicists can calculate the mass of a galaxy by looking at how fast stars orbiting its center are moving. Physicists can also calculate where the highest percentage of dark matter should be in the galaxy. In most cases, it is located in a ring just outside the galaxy. In the case of the galaxy shown in the photo, dark matter must be present in the dark space between the nucleus of older yellow stars and the outer ring of young, blue stars.

Public Policing vs Private Security Comparison

What are differences and similarities between the two roles? In the field of policing there are a couple different paths for an individual to choose from and they include private security and public policing. State government, city government, and towns normally provide the community with a public police force to enforce the laws and protect the citizens. Police officers are very important within a community but sometimes a private security can come in and help out and this frees up time for the public policing. Private security personnel generally work for a private company that handles their own dispatching, training and recruiting. Private security functions include loss-prevention duties or protective services that would not be handled by public policing. Private security also specializes in closed circuit monitoring services, secret level clearance, drive by patrol. Private security does not have the authority to arrest anyone either; however they can detain until law enforcement get there. Public policing officers are a function of the executive branch of government. Public officers are paid entirely from public funds that generate from grants, public sources, and revenues from taxes. Most private security organizations are paid from collecting a fee from their client. It is not uncommon for private security to go undercover like public police also, so that they can blend in the environment and be used as asset protection. The goals and training of private security and public policing are similar to each other. Private security and public policing are unique and successful in their own ways. The way that the private security and public policing organizations function and interact within each other is different; however they both function with leadership. The differences in public policing and private security would include the duties of the job. Police officers duties include responding to emergency calls, patrol public streets and monitor the traffic; private security may have the duty to be on duty at a supermarket or retail store, a bank or even drive an armored car. Some of the similarities of private security and public policing would be that they both hire men and women and both organizations are required to wear uniforms. The use of uniforms lets citizens know who security is and who the officers are. Both organizations offer in-house training. Some private security officers are permitted to carry guns just like public policing. How does leadership differ between the two roles? Public policing and private security both have a positive relationship with the criminal justice system but they are held to different standards. They use their resources to help work together when needed by sharing information, joint operations, networking, training and the development and promotion of state and federal legislation of mutual interest (Ortmeier, 2009). What is the relationship of each role with the criminal justice system? The relationship of each public policing and private security is that they both have the goal to deter crime. The public policing works to keep and prevent crime, maintains order, and responds to dispatched calls and reported crimes on public and private property. The relationship for private security is they can help out with terrorist threats, and other crimes that may affect the world, and in return that helps out the public policing in the fact that if they work together they can defend our homeland. What are the essential policies for each role? For private security the essential policies that would be needed would include to have a qualified staff, insurance, and have a license with that state, most are given after a background is checked at both federal and state levels. Some of the other policies that private security organizations should have would be the following : Acceptable Use Policy that defines what employees are allowed to do on company property, while using company resources and equipment, this should be made know to all staff so that there are no excuses or exceptions. There should be a privacy policy in effect; this is important because there are many laws and regulations that address privacy. Included in the privacy policy notification should be made that about the logging user activity, monitoring internet usage; including recording keystrokes. Password policy is another good policy to have in effect so that certain protocol is used when creating and issuing password within the company and included could be the account lockout protocol that will be used within the company. Destruction and Disposal policy which will define how and when to get rid of stuff. Storage and Retention policy will explain what items need to be kept for a number of years, things such as auditing date, financial history and customer information. The next policy would be an incident response policy and this policy would be to handle security breaches. Classification policy that way workers understand to use the information properly rather it is private or sensitive. Human resource policy and this should be covered in the way that employees are supervised, code of ethics, sort of like a company handbook one that will explain repercussions for certain behaviors and tardiness. Change management policy since one of the biggest threats to security is when things are unmanaged and unknown or even changed. The last policy for private security would be firewall policy and this would cover the essential components of the entire security structure, these are important to protect against cybercrimes. Public policing essential policies would include: use of force policy that explains how to not abuse the power of their authority, another police policy to have would be a policy on the code of ethics and this would define what ethical and non-ethical behavior is and what is expected of them as an officer of the law. Describe and discuss the importance of a comprehensive security plan, and its key components. The importance of a comprehensive security plan is in case something happens to the organization, it can somewhat be repairable to getting back on track. If an organization is aware of what the threats may be then they would know what they need to do to avoid these and prevent incidents from happening, instead of waiting for an incident to happen first. Developing a comprehensive security plan requires deliberate and methodical analysis. The purpose of the security analysis is to expose any security breaches so they can be addressed in a controlled manner and the comprehensive security plan can be created from a broad analysis. The analysis will keep resources in mind and will be directed based on the individual needs of the client and while protecting the assets of the company. The components of the comprehensive security plan include asset definition, vulnerability analysis, and threat assessment, selection of countermeasures and implementation of the plan. It is important to make policies for the client to follow along with their workers and these policies must be made know if they are expected to be followed. Incompetence and carelessness equals ncreased legal liability and financial loss. The key components consist of overlapping the features that provide mutual support and direction of the program: personnel, devices, procedures and policies. References Comprehensive Security Services, Inc. (2012). Retrieved from http://www. comprehensivesecurity. net Global Knowledge Training LLC. (2010). 10 Essential Security Policies. Retrieved from http://isaca. org Ortmeier, P. (2009). Introduction to security: O perations and management (3rd ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall.

Advantages of Internet for Students

Advantages Of Internet For Students Nevertheless, students and teachers have experienced following 10 advantages of Internet. 1. Assortment of Information Lots of information of different kinds is kept on the web server on the Net. This means that millions web sites include various data in the shape of images and text. On every subject of the planet information can be easily collected by you. For this function, special sites, called search engines can be found on the Internet to search data of each and every subject of the planet. . Online Medical Guidance Several web sites will also be on the Web to obtain details about various conditions. You are able to consult with a cell of on-line physicians to obtain guidance about any medical problem. In addition, lots of material can also be on the Web for research in medical industry. 3. Looking for Jobs You are able to search various kinds of jobs throughout their vacant vacancies are advertised by the world, Most of the organizations/depa rtments around the world, on the web.The search engines will also be employed to search the jobs on the web. You are able to make an application for the necessary work through the Web. 4. Communication You are able to keep in touch with other through Internet all over the world. You could speak by seeing to 1 another; only you’re speaking with your pals in your drawing room. For this function, various services are supplied on the Internet such as; speaking, video conferencing, Email and Internet telephone an such like. 5. InformationThe Web enables students to see the most recent news on a particular topic they’re learning. If they’re learning American politics they may do an information search and discover what is happening on the planet of politics at that very time. It will help them link what they’re understanding how to real life. Additionally, it may keep them thinking about a topic. 6. Online Training The facility is provided by the internet to obt ain an online training. Several web sites of different colleges offer lessons and classes on different subjects or subjects.You may also obtain these classes or lessons in your personal computer. You are able to hear these classes repeatedly and obtain a large amount of understanding. It’s very simple and cheap method to get training. 7. Encyclopedia Occasionally, encyclopedia mightn’t constantly be accessible to individuals and so they might have trouble with in getting the use of the actual guides within the selection. If that’s the case, the encyclopedia of various topics on the Web could be useful. 8. Online Railway and Airplane SchedulesToday, railway and several Airline businesses offer their timing of trains and routes respectively on the web. 9. Online Results Today, all of the training boards and colleges present result on the web. Their results can be watched by the students from any kind of nation or world. 10. Advertisement Today, products are advert ised by most of the commercial organizations through Internet. It’s effective and inexpensive method for the marketing of goods. The services and products could be given lovely and attractive method to the people round the world.

Health Service Systems Week 6 Essays

Health Service Systems Week 6 Essays Health Service Systems Week 6 Essay Health Service Systems Week 6 Essay This paper analyzes the strategies and recommendations to improve the financial performance of Middlefield Hospital. The problem started when the chief financial officer (CFO) indicated that the financial performance of the hospital has been deteriorating over the last 6 months. Hospitals throughout the world are operating on tight budgets. Therefore operational managers must find ways to reduce cost and â€Å"manage productivity across all areas and job categories† (Langabeer, 2008, p.129). There are many factors contributing to this problem: The hospital is exceeding its budget, the new facility across town has continued to cut into Middlefield’s market share by admitting more patients, and the number of admissions to the hospital is declining each month, while more uninsured patients are seeking services at the facility. The hospital has to change its strategies in order to improve its overall financial performance. These strategies include: spending on accounting systems to cut costs, increasing the accounts receivable collections, or increasing legitimacy with stakeholders and donors; improving efficiency through professional administration; spending on advertising to increase revenues through increased market share and premium prices; and offsetting patient care losses with substantial net income from sources not directly connected to patient care. After convening with the Middlefield Hospital management team, we were able to identify the core facts that my recommendations were built on. Medicare is responsible for 37 percent of all community hospital revenues, and reimbursement for capital expenses constitutes only about 7 percent of this revenue. In addition, the patient population of Middlefield Hospital is comprised of more and more Medicare, Medicaid, and uninsured patients and fewer patients have commercial insurance. In order to increase the net income the hospital should invest in advertising. Furthermore, advertising is likely to yield significant gains in Middlefield by attracting profitable patients. In return, the hospital should get ready to be shopped as many of our existing patients will be looking for other high-quality, fairly-priced providers. To retain our patients and attract new ones, the hospital’s trained-staff should be ready for the question of cost from empowered direct-pay patients. They also need to be prepared with a price list and a clear statement of what services are provided in Middlefield. To increase the hospital’s quality improvement program, I recommend that Middlefield reach out to their patients regularly. This can be achieved by following simple steps such as; assigning a staff member to call selected patients one month after their visit to see how they are doing; print their schedule and circle who to call; put notes in the chart as needed; pre-schedule annual exams and follow-ups for the on-going care; and to be proactive for patients as many will not remember to call. This is especially important when people are paying for more care themselves. According to our text book, surveys can be used as another tool to measure patient’s satisfaction with the hospital offered-care â€Å"Hospital survey was developed and implemented to periodically measure hospital care from the patient’s perspective. Results are intended to help hospitals improve their performance in areas identified as consumer concerns†. My other recommendation is merging into wellness programs. They are available in many forms depending on what the community needs. Such preventive programs can be identified by soliciting feedback from the hospital’s community, physicians and other health care providers. Wellness programs may include health risk assessments, exercise promotion, diagnosis-specific disease management, nutrition, weight loss, body mechanics, yoga, parenting and stress management. Because of the competition with a nearby hospital, wellness programs can be customized to meet specific community or employer requirements. The hospital may also partner with larger organizations such as the American Heart Association or the American Cancer Society to attract new patients to seek services at Middlefield. Emphasis on the intended positive effects of managed care is vital at this stage of improving the hospitals financial performance. By having a single point of healthcare management, we believe efficiencies are maximized and effectiveness of care delivery is ensured to the benefit of the covered subscribers. Middlefield should adopt a high level of intellectual resources that ideally operate to control costs and resourcefully allocate healthcare services. To help reduce the cost of the employee’s health plan, Middlefield can offer financial incentives to its employees by providing cost effective care, encouraging positive outcomes, and giving the employees the chance to get involved in preventive programs so they will have a healthier life-style. Middlefield hospital can build a new reputation by adopting new innovative-services, focusing on three powerful interests: patient safety, employee satisfaction, and financial health- and focus on their mission as  providing quality care at an affordable rate. Barton, Phoebe Lindsey (2009). Understanding the US Health Services System, 4th Edition. Building Low-Cost, High-Quality Health Care Regions in America ihi. org/IHI/Programs/StrategicInitiatives/HowWillWeDoThat. htm Human Resources and Community Development cbo. gov/ftpdocs/107xx/doc10753/1983_05_06_hospital. pdf Langabeer, J. R. (2008). Health care operations management: A quantitative approach to business and logistic.

Five cities in Europe with free MA

Five cities in Europe with free MA Best European cities to do Master’s degree for free Are you thinking about obtaining a postgraduate degree, but you worried that you couldn’t cover the expenses? Here’s what you can do - get a Master’s degree in Europe for free! Sounds good, isn’t it? Believe it or not, but many European universities are funded by the states, which means that higher education is often partly or wholly subsidized by the administration of each country. Therefore, the education costs you less than half of the price, and in some cases, it’s even free. Here is a list of the best cities in Europe, where you can accomplish your Master’s for free and make a new home for a year or two. Berlin, Germany Easily one of the most fashionable cities in Central Europe, Berlin is an ultimate destination for creative and open-minded folks. Also, the house of techno and just an anchor point for authentic and relevant street culture. Not only does a city of Berlin lends a comfortable environment for students to express their personality but also makes a living relatively cheap in contrast with more lavish cities like Munich and Dresden! Why Germany? Germany was named one of the most favorable countries among international students, while reputable universities in Berlin and average living expenses make it an ideal place to study abroad. Try sending your application to Freie University of Berlin and Humbolt University of Berlin, since they are considered the best for international students. Â   Paris, France France may not be as widely known as Germany for affordable higher education. But international students may be surprised to learn that they can also study in France for free (or, at a meager price), regardless of their nationality. Despite the fact that technically some fees are applied in public universities in France, they constitute only a fraction of the sum other countries may charge. Also, the cost of living in Paris is relatively affordable for an average student. Stockholm, Sweden Stockholm is painstakingly chic, carefree, and most of the locals know English as their first language. In Sweden, of course, you’ll have to be prepared for slightly chilly conditions, so your wardrobe could go well without shorts and tank tops. Even in Summer, a hoodie over your t-shirt wouldn’t be such a bad idea. Â   Stockholm University can be your starting point for your Masters as well as few other universities that offer free (or almost fee-free) education. Although Sweden is also not the cheapest place to live, the standard of living is high here, and the government takes actions to make it more attractive, offering various scholarships and loans to students, while also encouraging international students to work during their studying. Amsterdam, The Netherlands There’s no better place for a student to enjoy a laid-back charm of Amsterdam, where the city can be shown cycling in just a matter of hours. Amsterdam’s vibe is ideal for student life; it’s compact, creative, liberal and full of history. That’s why such a huge amount of tourists and students flock to Amsterdam each year with a desire to have the time of their life. Pursue your Master's degree at the following institutions: University of Amsterdam Leiden University The government provides housing subsidies for full-time students, as well as grants for students from $ 200-450 per month to those who work while studying. The financial support for students is very generous here, but you have to be dealing with batches of documents before you gain access to these benefits, and it can be a pain in the neck to do. Maybe it's worth to hire someone to help you figure out everything: if you sort it out in the right way, you can graduate with a Master’s diploma in your hands and not a cent of debt to follow you. Â   Vienna, Austria Vienna is a city well-known for its cultural and musical impact, which offers a number of Master's courses for international students in English. The city portrays itself as an off-beaten point of attraction for students of all nationalities. The University of Vienna and the University of Innsbruck are the best when it comes to getting your Master’s degree. All students receive an ID card, which allows a nice discount on public transport, cinemas, multiple cafes and restaurants, and even a free admission to museums and galleries. Sounds amazing, right?

Comprehensive cases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Comprehensive cases - Essay Example This raised quite a stir as people thought Ratan Tata was an insecure person who wants to remove all experienced people form the company. Ratan Tata was no doubt and excellent leader as instead of paying heed to such skepticism he hired fresh talent for the company and therefore was able to bring in new ideas and motivated new employees for the business. He now developed Tata Business Excellence Model (TBEM), which was implemented with the help of Tata’s quality management service. With the help of this model he was able to enhance the productivity and efficiency of the organization. Ratan Tata believed in employee empowerment. His leadership style and long term vision were two important reasons for his success. According to the executive director of Tata Sons, Ratan Tata did not tell them what to do or gave orders like a typical boss, instead he would ask them what we wanted to do and how they would achieve their goals. This gave a sense of responsibility to the employees and empowered them. Ratan Tata brought in a new culture in the organization. His managers were now bolder and risk taking. They were allowed to experiment with new ideas and implement unique thoughts into action. Ratan wanted his employees to have a strategic vision and yet realistic goals. He was directing the company in two directions. In one direction the company was focusing on mass markets of India, where as in the other he went international. He understood how globalization was taking over and in a few years it would be difficult for him to compete in his own market if new measures were not taken. He then started an extensive marketing plan where he advertised his company in major public events like concerts, games etc. He also believed that in order to be on top, a business needs to have technological advantage. For this reason he threw out all obsolete equipment in the Tata Steel Mills and brought in new efficient models of those equipments. In just a few years time Ratan chang ed this slow moving giant in to a sleek model of quality and success. It is not an easy task to bring in and manage change in an organization. Ratan Tata was a leader with many qualities who was able to single handedly, bring in these changes and manage them effectively. He had vision, conviction and clarity. His was socially conscious and held ethical values which helped him transform this organization into what it is today. Question No 2 As soon as Ratan Tata took over Tata group of companies he started restructuring and streamlining the company as he thought that the presence of Tata in such diverse businesses affects its ability to respond to market changes promptly. Through this streamlining process Ratan Tata was able to remove all Tata companies which, instead of being productive were a liability for the Tata group of companies. He closed down businesses of cosmetics, consumer electronics, toiletries, pharmaceuticals, paints and oil, cement, textiles etc. On the other hand, h e saw some potential in businesses such as passenger cars, auto components, telecom retail and power insurance, and therefore invested more in these businesses. Ratan Tata believed in being on the top. When he was asked why he exited so many businesses he replied that if any of his companies was not among the top three companies, he would take extreme measures to either do something

Prewriting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Prewriting - Assignment Example 2. Is this essay aimed at a particular audience (a sympathetic, neutral, or hostile audience)? Where was it published? This essay is aimed at college students belonging to millennial generation, studying stress tolerance strategies deployed by them and analyzing their effectiveness. The article was published by Project Innovation, Inc. in Spring Hill Station, Virginia (Southeast America). 3. What is the author’s purpose for writing the essay and his or her thesis (main claim)? The authors intend to study lifestyles exhibited by college students of recent generations and stress-handling strategies adopted by them. Through an assessment survey of 246 students, the authors were able to conclude on their thesis that these undergraduates are not managing stress effectively, thereby exposing themselves to high risks of low stress tolerance. The authors mainly claim through this essay that people should create such circumstances for their millennial generation kids going to college t hat they can learn to be independent and handle stress on their own. 4. What assumptions does the author make about the topic of general/liberal arts education (i.e. it is necessary or outdated, or should be modified, or is successful under certain circumstances)? The authors assume that college life is a stressful journey for masses and believe it to be necessary to focus on the millennial generations pertaining to last 30 years since they lack the mature abilities of coping with stress. Current circumstances have led them to adopt methods to combat stress which are highly ineffective and produce adverse effects. The authors have carefully selected and targeted subject-matter for this dissertation that constitutes to issues of modern era. The authors however claim that their research shall not be projected on or taken to be representative of the entire population since they selected a limited sample size for their study. Additionally, due to nature of research methodology adopted, cause and effect relationship cannot be accurately established and needs further verification. 5. What appeals does the author make? See below. Does the author appeal to reason (for example, with use of statistics, expert testimony, or personal experience)? Where and how (might want to write paragraph numbers)? Does the author appeal to emotion (for example, with loaded adjectives)? Where and how (might want to write paragraph numbers)? Does the author appeal to our sense of ethics (what’s right or wrong) by showing he or she is trustworthy? Where and how (might want to write paragraph numbers)? The authors appeal to reason that young generations find it very difficult to cope with stress and use undesirable means to struggle against it, resulting in drastic repercussions. At various places in the article, the articles defend their viewpoint with logical and quantitative reasoning including segments in ‘Millennials and Stress’ paragraph (pp. 364), ‘Stress T olerance’ paragraph (pp. 365), ‘Results’ paragraph (pp. 368-71) and ‘Discussion’ paragraph (pp. 372-73). Additionally, they also appeal to emotion by suggesting how the immature and innocent generations need more attention and parental support in handling stress and social pressures of achieving good grades to survive in the highly competitive society. This has been emphasized in sections of ‘

Why does knowledge of different generic approaches to strategy matter Essay - 1

Why does knowledge of different generic approaches to strategy matter What implications does this have for our understanding of the shrm field - Essay Example e understood the strategic role that the human resources can undertake in equipping firms with competitive advantage and therefore contributing to the improvements in performance. As Lengnick – Hall et al. (2009) indicate, SHRM has been highly emphasized within the context of integrating strategic initiatives on the Human Resources with the strategic posture of firms. This paper focuses on two fundamental constructs; the first one is the establishment of the positive relationship between knowledge of generic strategies and understanding the strategic initiatives and the second one is the link between generic approaches to strategies and SHRM. Conceptualizing and evaluating business and organizational strategies is a common perspective that scholars and practitioners undertake in their attempt to understand the competitive position of the firms as well as the forces that interact in the strategy decision making and formulation (†¦..). Whittington (2001) argues that it is imperative to have certain knowledge on strategies as it enables the better understanding of the strategic choices that organizations often make. O’ Farrell et al. (2006) further claim that knowledge on strategies actually influences organizational performance for three reasons; first, understanding strategies implies understanding of the context in which strategizing can take place, second, understanding strategies suggests that management has a clear view of the different forces that can have an impact on the strategic level of firms and third, understanding strategies increases the capabilities and skills of management towards strategic dec ision making. The Generic approaches to strategy are viewed by Whittington (2001) as four fundamental ‘movements’ which reflect different schools of thought regarding the strategic design, implementation and execution on the part of firms. The author distinguishes the generic approaches to the following perspectives: the classical, the evolutionary,

Impact of Stress on Health and Well-being of the Individual

Impact of Stress on Health and Well-being of the Individual The objective of this assignment is to define holistic and define stress, and discuss the impact of stress on the health and wellbeing of an individual. Firstly the writer will look at holistic approaches and define stress. The writer will also look at how stress effects the individually biologically, psychologically and sociologically. Finally the writer will discuss approaches to managing stress. The term â€Å"Holistic or Holism† derives from the Greek word meaning entire, whole, total. The Oxford Dictionary of Nursing (2014) defines â€Å"Holistic† as an approach to patient care in which the psychological, physiological and social factors of the patient’s condition are taken into account, rather than just the diagnosed disease. Holistic medicine is not a separate medical or treatment method, but it is an alternative philosophy regarding the approach to health. This holistic nursing approach originated in the United States of America and was formally introduced to the United Kingdom in 1977 and was seen as an alternative approach nursing rather than the traditional orientated task approach. Florence Nightingale herself encouraged holistic care; she recognised how important the environment and a multi directional approach was, rather than a one- dimensional therapy process. According to Dossey (2008) Health is a multifaceted complex concept, it relates to an individual’s well-being in a given environment, and is defined by pathology and the traditional biomedical health approach, holistic care looks at treating the underlying causes and not just the superficial ones. Barker (2004) also states the holistic model of care is widely accepted in the field of nursing, it favours a comprehensive in-depth assessment of entirety rather than the medical approach which just studies the disease in the patient. The holistic care approach takes into consideration all the persons individual psychological, sociological and mental health needs. Every man, women and child consists of a body and mind, and any changes in a person’s life will eventually cause changes in their existence. Aggleton and Chalmers (2000) describe holism as the fundamental wholeness of human beings. Hogston and Simpson (1999) define the holistic nursing process as a systematic problem solving framework that enables the nurse to plan care accordingly targeting the specific needs of the individual. The holistic approach has two focal factors. The first factor treats the individual as a separate entity, secondly the holistic approach analyses the psychosomatic approach of a disease and magnifies it by putting the patient in a specific time, along with their needs and quality of life. Alfaro-LeFevre (1998) described the holistic nursing process as a five stage framework comprising of: Assessment: to collect data regarding health status and monitor for evidence of health problems. Diagnosis: to identify actual and potential health issues. Planning: to determine therapeutic interventions and achievable goals. Implementation: to put plans into action and observe response. Evaluation: to assess the outcomes, to check if goals have been achieved or whether changes need to be made. A holistic approach to health makes prevention vitally important as finding a cure, this continuous model of care can extend over an individual’s life. The holistic approach drives to manipulate fundamental determinants of health that occur and this offers an upstream attack on threats to health. This may be the best approach and outcome in coping with the unhealthy lifestyles and the ageing and longevity of life in the population in the 21st century. These determinants contribute to a rise in stress, which can contribute to a rise in other diseases such as heart disease, cancer, stroke and other long standing mental health problems. The Oxford Dictionary of Nursing defines stress as â€Å"any factor that threatens the health of the body or has an adverse effect on its functioning, such as injury, disease, overwork, or worry. Constant stress brings about changes in the balance of hormones in the body. Selye (1976) describes stress as a unifying concept; it is a non-specific r esponse to a huge variety of stimuli. According to Edwards and Cooper (1988) stress should be discussed in terms of stimuli, responses and the relationship between them. Stress is actually part of modern life; at times it may become a useful tool and serve a purpose. Stress can motivate you for promotion at work, or push you to run that last mile of a marathon. Nevertheless if you lose control and dont get to grips with your stress, it can become a long-term problem and it can have a severe detrimental effect and interfere with your job, family life, and health. The causes of stress differ for every individual. Everyone has different stress triggers; we are open to various amounts of different stimuli. Beckwith (1996) states defining stress, its causes and symptoms are just as complicated. It is often characterized as a reaction to modern and social factors, stress is a disruption in an individual’s physiological and psychological homeostasis that force them to deviate from u sual functioning in interaction with their jobs and work environment. Stress is defined by Auerbach (1996) as a three way relationship between demands on a person, that person’s feelings about those demands and their ability to cope with those demands. Stress can effectively destroy the quality of life for the individual, his or her family and for society as a whole, it has become as dangerous as pollution to modern society Srivastava (1999). Some people thrive in the pressure cooker of life. Stress is a personalized experience and can vary extensively even in the same identical situation for different reasons. Some individuals can perform and complete many duties at the same time and have a list of things to do that would stretch and overpower most of us. Every individual has different stress triggers. How person A copes to how person B copes is completely different. A simple example of a daily stressor is the journey to work, college or school. Person A who is sitting in th e traffic, will sit and become very angry at the long delay, but Person B sitting in the next car accepts that there is lots of traffic and copes with the situation. The same stressor or stimuli, but two completely different reactions to the same situation. Stress level will differ based on your personality and how you respond to situations. The same situation can arise in any individuals life, whether it be moving to a new home, a heavy workload, too much responsibility, working long hours, studying for exams or simply leaving the house. Snyder, Lefcourt and Herbert (2001) state, Stress resides neither in the situation nor in the person, it depends on a transaction between the two. Barlow (2000) states suffering from stress, anxiety or phobias can disrupt daily routines, limit work efficiency, reduce self-esteem, and place a strain on relationships. Individuals will do whatever they can to avoid the uncomfortable and often-terrifying feelings of anxiety. Bourne (2011) supports Barl ow by stating people with specific phobias, or strong irrational fear reactions, work hard to avoid common places, situations, or objects even though they know theres no threat or danger. The fear may not make any sense, but they feel powerless to stop it. Specific phobias according to Sylver, Lilienfeld and Laprairie (2011) can cause stress, the threat of a terrorist attack, global warming, dogs, cats, bees, wasps, spiders, germs, heights, driving, public transport, flying, dental or medical procedures, and even elevators. People with phobias realize that their fear is irrational, and even thinking about it can often cause extreme anxiety. According to Beidel Turner (1998) while some phobias develop in childhood, most seem to arise unexpectedly, usually during adolescence or early adulthood. Their onset is usually sudden; you have no control over these events and they may occur in situations that previously did not cause any discomfort or anxiety. All of these factors can lead to stress. Stress is a worrisome illness. Stress has numerous faces, and sidles into our lives from many directions. No matter what the causes are, stress can put the body and mind under extreme pressure. Constant or chronic stress can have real physical effect on the body. It weakens the immune system, increasing the individual’s vulnerability. Stress engulfs the body and saturates it with stress hormones. The heart thumps, muscles tense, breathing quickens and the stomach churns. 1

The Year that Changed My Perspective of School :: Expressive Essay

The Year that Changed My Perspective of School It all started a week before the new school year. The year of the sneezing, coughing and nonstop runny nose was preparing its over throw of summer. I wasn't too excited about it. In fact I dreaded it. Advertisements came flying through the mail. Every one of them had printed boldly "Back To School" and "Back to School" again. It made me sick to my stomach. I threw every ad in the garbage. I never knew it but this school year was to change my view of school and the people in it completely. The first hour of school was a disaster. Mainly because of Mrs. Laurel my new history teacher. At the sound of the bell she carried a pile (2ft. high it seemed) of papers from her desk to all the students. "Welcome to the wonderful world of history," she announced, "My name is Mrs. Laurel and these here few papers are the requirements and rules of my class." She passed out what amounted to be forty papers for each student. Then she smiled and said, "We will start with you." She pointed directly at me. "You start reading for us and then we'll circle all around the room so everyone can get their chance." My face flushed red, my heart pounded through my chest. I was sitting way in the back but some how or another she picked me. She noticed me. This was the worst first day of school in my life. Well, I read. I read and I read and I read. I read the whole entire thirty minutes because Mrs. Laurel never stopped me and I was too afraid to stop. So I jumbled and mumbled over words. My face turned oven red and my voice sounded hoarser and hoarser. Some of the students began to giggle. I felt terrible. It was the bell that saved me. "Young lady!" Mrs. Laurel called to me as the class shuffled out the door. "You will start on the 'Student Expectations' paragraph tomorrow okay!" "Yes Mrs. Laurel," I said quietly. Then I ran quickly out the door. The next morning I didn't go to class. I hid in the bathroom stall.

Money Over Power Beyond its Fate Essay

Money is the root of all evil. It is the most powerful thing in the world besides love. Sometimes money can ruin love in a friendship, relationship, or even worse family. Money can even decide the fate of a human’s life. â€Å"There is so much about my fate that I cannot control, but other things do fall under the jurisdiction. I can decide how I spend my time, whom I interact with, whom I share my body and life and money and energy with. I can select what I can read and eat and study. I can choose how I’m going to regard unfortunate circumstances in my life-whether I will see them as curses or opportunities. I can choose my words and the tone of voice in which I speak to others. And most of all, I can choose my thoughts.† (Elizabeth Gilbert). In the movie, â€Å"No Country for Old Men,† A character by the name of, Llewelyn Moss, is caught in the cross fires of money, his actions, his thoughts, and most of all his own fate. Throughout the movie he is in a constant rat race with a man who goes by the name of, Anton Chigurh, who is a hit man that was hired to get the money that moss had stumbled upon and taken. Ofcourse Moss did not have to take this money and if he didn’t he wouldn’t be dealing with money, power, or the very predetermined fate of himself throughout the movie. Chigur also acts an officer of fate making up his own rules as he sees fit. Although Moss’s character may represent free will he also represents the fate that people make on their life after making one poor decision. Not only does this money ruin the fate of moss but it always toys with the fate of Moss’s wife, the owner of the gas station, and the children who were paid off to keep quiet. Some may say that it is not money that is the root of all evil but it is power. So does money and power go hand in hand? With money you have the power to control whatever you want, and with the most power you gain fear in others as well as continue to gain money from those who fear you. In â€Å"No Country for Old men† there is a constant battle between the power money holds on oneself as well as the fate of a life through money. The first time money determines a person’s fate is  during the coin flip at the gas station. When Chigurh realizes that the man working at the counter knows where he is from, he now becomes a witness of who Chigurh is and where he may be from. Maybe if the man would have just been quiet in the first place instead of trying to use the small talk and be friendly Chigurh would have never even have to have the thought of killing the man in the first place. But because the man is the person he is and just wanted to help â€Å"time pass† it pulled a spark and brought the whole conversation in another direction. Chigurh then begins to question the man. What time do you close? Do you stay out back? What time do you go to sleep? The Owner knew he was in some type of trouble and quickly tries to hurry the man out of his store so that he can reach some type of safe zone between him and Chigurh. The conversation continues and that’s when it starts to get a little interesting. Chigurh finds out that the man was married into the business. He didn’t want it nor did he save his earnings but fate brought him to that gas station and Fate would determine his life in a coin toss. â€Å"It is interesting, however, to note the way Chigurh and the Proprietor discuss the stakes of the game. The Proprietor is no doubt aware of the danger he’s in, but is carefully trying to determine the nature of the danger. They both avoid talking about the stakes of the game directly — the Proprietor, because if he says it, it might happen; Chigurh, because he considers himself an agent of Fate. Discussing it directly would make him responsible, and he’s not; the evil swirling through the film is bigger than this one man† (goodreasonblog.blogspot.com). Fate had played a life saving role in this man’s life but so did money. The flip the coin would determine his fate and that is when we right back on the subject of how which played a bigger role? The coin had all the power, although it was an instrument of the fate the man would determine on his own it still had the power. So can we really say that his fate was the reason this man is still alive? In the owners good graces he won the coin coin flip and his life was spared. But what if he had lost that coin flip? Do you really think Chigurgh would have killed an innocent man just because he noticed where he was from? Well that question could have been answered at the end of the movie when Chigurgh shows up at Moss’s wife, Carla Jean’s, house. Carla Jean finds herself seated across from the emotionless Chigurh. Chigurh had promised Moss that he would allow Carla Jean to live if the money was returned to Chigurh. He  assures Moss that it is the best deal he has to offer. Moss would have died either way but Chigurh promises Moss that he would not harm his wife as long as Moss listened to him. But of course determining the fate of himself and his wife Moss chooses not to listen to Chigurhs orders. It is really heartbreaking at this point in the movie because we all know Carla Jean is going to die. The power money has on a person is quite disgusting in this movie because we see that Moss truly chose his money over his wife. Chigurh tells Carla Jean that Moss could have saved her but the power of money had taken over Moss’s mind and moss made a decision for them both to suffer. â€Å"You don’t have to do this† Carla jean tells Chigurh. Chigurh then chooses to offer her the same coin flip option that he had previously offered the lucky old man at the gas station. Unlike the old man, Carla Jean refuses to call it when asked, even after the coin had been flipped and was just waiting to be called â€Å"The coin don’t have no say in it – it’s just you.† Chigurh again points out that he â€Å"got here the same way as the coin did.† Fate brought him to her house because of her husband and the power of money is what would kill Carl Jean in the end. Not only doe Chigurh try determining the fate of others, He also tries to determine the fate of himself. At the end of the movie when Chigurh is hit he pays a boy to keep quiet and act like nothing ever happened. Why would Chigurh do this? He is using his money to determine his fate. Chigurh knows that the lower his profile the less chances he will have of getting caught and going to prison for the illegal activity he has had going on. All in all none of these people had to do what they did. These were the choices they made and because of that, fate had a new twist on their life. Moss did not have to steal the money but he knew with more money came the happiness him and his wife had been working for. Maybe he did it out of love or maybe he was just being greedy we will never really know. Even Chigurh had the choice to not kill all those people because of Moss. All of those people who had died was a predetermined fate that was out of their control. Fate, in this movie, obviously came in more than one sub category. The money meant power and the power controlled ones fate. â€Å"Every moment in your life is a turning and every one a choosing. Somewhere you made a choice. All followed to this. The accounting is scrupulous. The shape is drawn. No line  can be erased. I had no belief in your ability to move a coin to your bidding. How could you? A person’s path through the world seldom changes and even more seldom will it change abruptly. And the shape of your path was visible from the beginning.† (coen 259) http://goodreasonblog.blogspot.com/2010/01/no-country-for-old-men-coin-toss-scene.html http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/tag/fate

A Farewell to Arms †Existentialism Essay

Ernest Hemingway’s ‘A Farewell to Arms’ explores notions surrounding both love and war. However it is not a love story, and nor is it a war story. It is a combination of both that allows for Hemingway to discuss what he is truly interested in: Existentialism. Existentialism is a philosophy that developed from the concept that there is no inherent meaning in life. However, we can create meaning. A Farewell to Arms is an exploration of this, but more than that, it’s an exploration of the reality of this in that; meaning in life doesn’t last forever, and when it’s gone, it leaves us with no logic and no hope, just nothingness. Hemingway uses his protagonist Frederic Henry to support his existentialist views. He does this, firstly by creating meaning in Frederic’s life. Hemingway creates Catherine for him. Their love is only a game at first, Frederic admits â€Å"God knows [he] had not wanted to fall in love with anyone. † However, it becomes so much more than that. Towards the end of the novel, if Catherine isn’t with him he â€Å"[hasn’t] a thing in the world†. Hemingway makes a point of foreshadowing this inevitable fact early on, when we are privy to Frederick’s thoughts as he contemplates that â€Å"It was a long time since [he] had written to the States and [he] knew [he] should write but [he] had let it go so long that it was almost impossible to write now. † Throughout the book, the people he associates with; Rinaldi, the men in his regiment, everyone, they all disappear. Finally, he’s left with Catherine, and their unborn baby. Other than them, he has no one. If they were to leave, he would be left alienated. Hemingway was not interested in the love story, or the war story. He was merely interested in communicating his views on the world to his readers. Predominantly, he was interested in communicating his views on existentialism. He was interested in what he considered to be reality. In reality, people die. In reality, our loved ones leave us, and in reality, when that happens there is no meaning, no logic and no hope. Hemingway demonstrates this through the climactic, yet painfully dismal ending to his piece. In bringing about the possibility that Catherine, Frederic’s only meaning in life, could die, he creates a springboard for discussing his philosophical views through Frederic. This forces us, as an audience, to contemplate upon his contention; â€Å"That was what you did. You died. You did not know what it was about. You never had time to learn. They threw you in and told you the rules and the first time they caught you off base they killed you†¦ they killed you in the end. You could count on that. † Hemingway uses his protagonist to establish this, and through Frederic’s reaction to Catherine’s death, he reveals to us the truth within his philosophy. It’s a point that is slowly built up to within A Farewell to Arms, but it’s one that hits Hemingway’s audience with a sounding resonance. The last line to his novel conveys the perfect, dismal imagery of a man with nothing left; a man who has â€Å"left the hospital and walked back to the hotel in the rain†. Throughout the whole novel ‘rain’ has symbolised loss and grief. It leaves a strong impression, making it the final last word of the novel, Frederic having now lost the last thing that made his life worthwhile. Hemingway’s entire novel is a lead up to this one point on existentialism. The world has no inherent meaning. We can create meaning within it, and any meaning that is within it has been created by us. However on the flip side of that, when the meaning that we have created is gone, there is nothing left for us to fall back on. When that meaning is gone, we’re left staring into an abyss. A Farewell to Arms is not a love story, and it’s not a war story either. It’s a comment upon the actuality of, and the nature of, existentialism as a prevailing philosophy. By creating Frederic and the characters around him, Hemingway demonstrates the logic of this theory, and he shows how when a man loses everything that he has created himself, in his life, in the end there is no more meaning, there is no logic, no hope. In the end, there is really nothing left, but the rain. Kaitlin Cushing.